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元器件交易网讯 2月26日消息，据外媒报道，IC Insight显示，2013年半导体公司研发支出排名，英特尔以106亿美元的支出居于首位，占全球半导体研发支出的19%。
不像其他任何行业，半导体行业被定义为快速的技术变革。因此，经常高水平的研发投资对提高半导体供应商的竞争地位至关重要。
图1显示IC Insight 2013年半导体公司研发支出排名。英特尔研发支出居首位，占该公司总支出的37%，占全球半导体研发支出的19%。英特尔研发支出超出第二名高通的3倍。高通2013年研发支出增长了28%，巩固了其第二大研发支出公司的地位。三星排名第三，其年度研发支出预算自2011年以来一直与此前持平。
行业两大的IDM—英特尔和三星—继续强调领先的晶圆厂生产先进IC的内部产能。然而，两大IC巨头的研发项目支出近年来一直以不同的速度在增长，部分原因是三星通过参与IBM的通用平台共同发展联盟，降低一些成本，包括把格罗方德作为其研发伙伴。IBM联盟近年来使三星研发销售成本比例保持在10%以下。另一个解释是三星三星低研发销售成本是由于生产和销售DRAM和闪存设备，它们都是资本密集性很强的产品，不像英特尔和台积电制造的高性能的逻辑产品。总体来说，三星的销售成本增长速度超过了研发支出(2001 - 2013年期间销售成本年增长率15%，研发支出年增长5%)。
同时，英特尔认为其研发支出2013年增长了22%，相比较而言，其在2011年的研发支出增长了17%，2012年增长了21%。2013年该公司的研发支出达到创纪录的106亿美元，比2012年支出增长了5%。
排名第四的博通2013年研发/销售支出比例达30%。博通，全球第二大晶圆IC供应商，自从2006年进入全球前10的排名，每年的研发支出/收入比例都最高。2001年至2001年，博通研发/销售自出比率千差万别，包括在2001和2002年它将所有营销费用都用于研发，但是自2006年，该公司的研发/销售费用年增长率保持在12%，研发/销售成本比率保持在31%的水平。
另外一个有趣的事实是2013年研发支出排名前十的公司研发支出比所有芯片公司研发半导体销售平均成本少1%（15.8%VS16.7%)。自2005年IC Insights公布详细的半导体研发趋势以来，这是首次全球前10研发研发/销售的比率低于整个行业整体比例。结合2013年全球前十公司研发支出的超过其他半导体公司的总支出(分别为287亿美元和260亿美元)，2005年的预测可能继续适用当下。
排名前10 的公司中有5家来自美国，2家日本公司，2家亚洲公司，1家欧洲公司，其中有2家高通和博通是晶圆半导体公司。
2010年晶圆和轻晶圆厂增长的结果是，纯晶圆代工厂台积电，首次进入半导体研发支出前10名。其研发支出在2010年高达44%，排名从第18进入第10名。之后，公司的研发支出持续攀升，2013年研发费用增长18%，超过16亿美元。
（元器件交易网董蕾 译）
外媒原文如下：
More than any other industry, the semiconductor business is defined by rapid technological change. As a result, a constant and high level of investment in R&D is essential to the competitive positions of semiconductor suppliers.
Figure 1 shows IC Insights" 2013 ranking of semiconductor companies by R&D spending. Intel continued to top all other chip companies in R&D spending in 2013 and accounted for 37% of the top-10 spending and 19% of total worldwide semiconductor R&D expenditures! Intel"s R&D spending was more than 3x that of second-place Qualcomm, which displayed a very strong 28% increase in R&D spending in 2013 and solidified the company"s position as the second-largest R&D spender, a position it first achieved in 2012. Samsung was ranked third. It"s annual R&D budget has remained relatively flat at $2.8 billion since 2011.
The industry"s two largest IDMs—Intel and Samsung—continue to emphasize internal production capacity for advanced ICs in leading-edge wafer fabs. However, spending on R&D programs at the two IC giants has been growing at different rates in recent years, partly due to Samsung"s ability to hold down some costs by participating in IBM"s Common Platform joint development alliance, which also includes GlobalFoundries as an R&D partner. The IBM alliance has helped Samsung to keep its R&D-to-sales ratio below 10% in recent years. Another explanation for Samsung"s low R&D-to-sales ratio is that its primary business is making and selling DRAM and flash memory devices, which are commodity-type products that are very capital-intensive, but not as R&D-intensive as the complex, high-performance logic-based products made by Intel and TSMC. Samsung"s sales have, in general, been growing much faster than its R&D spending (15% annual growth in sales during 2001-2013 versus 5% yearly growth for R&D spending over the same timeperiod).
Meanwhile, Intel—the industry"s trailblazer in many technologies—saw its R&D spending jump to 22% of its semiconductor sales in 2013 as compared to 21% in 2012 and 17% in 2011. The company"s R&D spending reached a record-high $10.6 billion in 2013, but it was just 5% above 2012 spending.
Number four-ranked Broadcom"s R&D spending as a percent of semiconductor sales was 30% in 2013. Broadcom, the second-largest fabless IC supplier, has had the highest R&D spending as a percentage of revenue among the top-10 spenders every single year since breaking into the top-10 ranks in 2006. Broadcom"s R&D-to-sales ratios varied widely during its formative years, including a couple years (2001 and 2002) when it spent all of its sales on R&D, but since 2006 the company"s R&D budgets have grown at the same 12% annual rate as its sales, keeping its R&D-to-sales ratios at an average of 31%!
Another interesting fact about the R&D spending ranking is that the top 10 companies spent almost one percentage point less on R&D as percent of semiconductor sales than the average for all chip companies in 2013 (15.8% versus 16.7%). That"s the first time the top-10 R&D/sales ratio came in at a lower rate than the overall industry ratio since IC Insights started reporting detailed semiconductor R&D trends in 2005. Combined R&D spending by the top 10 exceeded total spending by the rest of the semiconductor companies ($28.7 billion versus $26.0 billion) in 2013, something that has continued to hold true since 2005 and probably well before that.
Five of the top 10-ranked companies are based in the U.S., while two are in Japan, two in the Asia-Pacific region, and one in Europe. Two of the top 10—Qualcomm and Broadcom—are fabless semiconductor companies.
One result of the growing fabless and fab-lite trend is that, in 2010, for the first time ever, a pure-play foundry joined the group of top-10 semiconductor R&D spenders. TSMC, the industry"s largest foundry, increased its R&D spending a hefty 44% in 2010, moving it from 18th to 10th place in the R&D ranking in one year. The company"s R&D spending has continued to climb since then with 2013 R&D growing 18% to reach a little over $1.6 billion.
